Decessi

Summary of Fatalities1,2

  • In ocrelizumab clinical trials, and their open-label extensions, there was no increase in fatalities in ocrelizumab-treated patients compared with controls
  • From the post-marketing experience there was no pattern observed in the causes of fatalities as reported to the regulatory authorities. Causes of fatalities in the post-marketing setting are outlined below

Background Rates in the MS Population3,4

  • Estimated mortality rates in the overall MS population between 1968 and 2010 ranged from 0.37 per 100 patient-years to 0.9 per 100 patient-years
  • These estimates were based on an observational study in France (27,603 MS patients) and a retrospective study in the US (30,402 MS patients from the OptumInsight Research database)

The incidence rates of fatalities are derived from varied sources, and intended to provide context. Confounding factors which may influence mortality have not been accounted for, and therefore, no direct comparisons should be made. Such factors may include, but are not limited to: type of MS, age, gender, disease duration, geographical region, population size, drug exposure, comorbid conditions, treatment history, and duration of follow-up.

Clinical Trials (Controlled Treatment Period and Open-Label Extension)

Incidence rate in Phase III clinical trials (controlled treatment period only)2

  OPERA I OPERA II (Pooled)
Incidence Rate per 100 Patient-Years (95% CI)
ORATORIO
Incidence Rate per 100 Patient-Years (95% CI)
IFN β-1a Ocrelizumab Placebo Ocrelizumab
Phase III  Controlled Treatment Period 0.14 (0.02-0.52) 0.07 (0-0.38) 0.41 (0.08-1.20) 0.25 (0.07-0.64)

a Two identical Phase III, global, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy studies with a 96-week controlled period during which 1656 patients with relapsing forms of MS received either intravenous ocrelizumab (600 mg) every 24 weeks or subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (44 μg) three times weekly.5

b A Phase III, global, randomised, double-blind study with a ≥120-week controlled period during which 732 patients with primary progressive MS received either intravenous ocrelizumab (600 mg) or placebo every 24 weeks.6

Incidence rate by exposure in clinical trials (controlled treatment period and open-label extension)1, a

  Data Cutoff Datea Patients on Ocrelizumab (n) Patient-Years Fatalities (n) Incidence Rate per 100 Patient-Years 95% CIs

Ocrelizumab All-Exposure
Populationb

JUL 2015 2,147 4,484.5 8 0.178 0.077-0.352
JAN 2016 2,279 5,710.7 8 0.140 0.060-0.276
SEP 2016 2,300 6,940.9 11 0.158 0.079-0.284
FEB 2017 2,301 7,747.8 13 0.168 0.089-0.287
SEP 2017 3,778 9,473.5 16 0.169 0.097-0.274
FEB 2018 3,811 10,918.5 17 0.156 0.091-0.249
JUL 2018
4,501
12,558.9
19 0.151
0.091-0.236
JAN 2019 4,611 14,328.5 23 0.161 0.102-0.241

a Data cuts are cumulative; each data cut includes the previous cut and fatalities are included from both the controlled treatment period and open-label extension.

b Includes all patients exposed to ocrelizumab in the global and US MS clinical trials; excludes patients in compassionate use programme.

The causes of the fatalities in the all-exposure population are as follows: Suicide (n=5), cardiac arrest (n=2), metastatic pancreatic cancer (n=2), pneumonia (n=2), acute coronary insufficiency (n=1), adenocarcinoma of oesophagus (n=1), aspiration pneumonia (n=1), bladder cancer (n=1), epileptic seizure (n=1), injury (n=1), MS disease progression (n=1), pulmonary embolism (n=1), systemic inflammatory response syndrome of undetermined origin (n=1), unknown (n=1), urinary infection/urosepsis (n=1) and fall (n=1).

Post-marketing Experience, as of 31 December 2019

Incidence rate by exposure in the post-marketing setting1

  Market Perioda Patients on Ocrelizumabb Patient-Years Fatalities (n)c Incidence Rate per 100 Patient-Years
Ocrelizumab Post-Marketing APR 2017–DEC 2017
~27,678
~8,899
24 0.27
APR 2017–MAR 2018
~37,171
~15,682
45 0.29
APR 2017–MAY 2018
~48,780
~23,776
64 0.27
APR 2017–JULY 2018
~58,667
~33,526
87 0.26
APR 2017–SEP 2018
~66,662
~43,560
114 0.26
APR 2017–DEC 2018
~78,554
~60,710
149 0.25
APR 2017–MAY 2019
~103,290 ~94,964 250 0.26
APR 2017–JULY 2019 ~114,943  ~111,166  293 0.26
APR 2017–DEC 2019
~142,855 ~159,317 433
0.27

a Numbers reported for the marketing period are inclusive of the whole month stated.

b The number of post-marketing patients exposed to ocrelizumab is based on estimated total number of vials sold, as well as US claims data.

c Based on reported fatalities in the Roche safety database in patients treated with ocrelizumab within the designated post-marketing period.

The causes of the post-marketing fatalities are as follows: Unknown cause (n=247), myocardial infarction (n=15), completed suicide (n=13), pneumonia (n=10), sepsis (n=10), pulmonary embolism (n=6), pancreatic cancer (n=4), fall (n=4), lung cancer (n=3), infection (n=3), MS (n=3), sudden death (n=3), urosepsis (n=3), aspiration pneumonia (n=3), cardiac arrest (n=3), cardiac disorder (n=2), urinary tract infection (n=2), subdural hematoma (n=2), victim of homicide (n=2), renal failure (n=2), colon cancer (n=2), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (n=2), urinary tract infection with sepsis (n=2), head injury (n=2), septic shock (n=2), symptoms reported as a cause of death (pyrexia, chest pain, and decreased appetite) (n=1), tumefactive MS (n=1), MS relapse (n=1), MS relapse with infection (n=1), MS relapse with influenza-like illness (n=1), cerebral hemorrhage (n=1), cerebral hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage (n=1), opioid overdose (n=1), bacterial pneumonia with lactic acidosis and sepsis (n=1), acute kidney injury (n=1), influenza (n=1), influenza-like illness (n=1), brain herniation with toxic leukoencephalopathy (n=1), cardiogenic shock with circulatory collapse and urinary tract infection (n=1), epilepsy with status epilepticus (n=1), cellulitis with pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infection (n=1), aspiration pneumonia with respiratory failure (n=1), metastatic lung cancer (n=1), acute respiratory failure with urosepsis (n=1), acute respiratory failure with pneumonia (n=1), dyspnea (n=1), cardiopulmonary arrest with pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (n=1), sepsis with aspiration pneumonia, intestinal sepsis, cardiac arrest, and intestinal obstruction (n=1), lung infection (n=1), lung infection with osteomyelitis (n=1), choking (n=1), stroke (n=1), cardiac failure congestive (n=1), cardiac failure with nephropathy (n=1), respiratory failure (n=1), encephalopathy, seizure, and respiratory failure (n=1), cardiorespiratory arrest (n=1), adenocarcinoma (n=1), aspiration and septic shock (n=1), cardiac failure (n=1), lung disorder (n=1), fracture (n=1), peritonitis (n=1), aortic aneurysm (n=1), myocardial infarction with cardiac failure and cardiac disorder (n=1), cardiac arrest with pulmonary embolism (n=1), hemorrhage (n=1), hepatic and renal failure (n=1), kidney infection (n=1), metastatic neoplasm (n=1), liver cancer (n=1), breast cancer (n=1), sudden death and metastatic neoplasm (n=1), respiratory disorder (n=1), respiratory distress (n=1), respiratory failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and circulatory collapse (n=1), generalized edema (n=1), thrombosis (n=1), sarcoma (n=1), angiosarcoma (n=1), acute promyelocytic leukemia (n=1), adult failure to thrive (n=1), cardiac failure, MS, and hypotension (n=1), acute kidney injury, hepatic cirrhosis, ascites, and hepatorenal syndrome (n=1), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n=1), anaphylactic shock (n=1) arteriovenous fistula site hemorrhage (n=1), cerebrovascular accident (n=1), circulatory collapse (n=1), glioblastoma (n=1), glioblastoma multiforme (n=1), intestinal dilatation with sepsis (n=1), lip and/or oral cavity cancer and throat cancer (n=1), malignant melanoma (n=1), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with sepsis (n=1), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=1), metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (n=1), pancreatic cancer with cardiopulmonary arrest and pleural effusion (n=1), post-procedural pulmonary embolism (n=1), procedural complication (n=1), pulmonary mass (n=1), pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage (n=1), road traffic accident (n=1), ruptured cerebral aneurysm (n=1), seizure (n=1), septic shock with atrial fibrillation and brain injury (n=1), accident (n=1), and sleep apnea syndrome (n=1).

Informazioni posologiche

Le indicazioni variano da un paese all'altro. Le informazioni posologiche per il proprio paese rappresentano la principale fonte di informazioni in merito ai rischi noti e potenziali associati all'uso dell'ocrelizumab.

OCR/032218/0083b(7)

Bibliografia
 
  1. Roche data on file;
  2. Hauser SL, et al. Presented at ECTRIMS 2019 (P648);
  3. Leray E, et al. PLoS One 2015;10(7):e0132033;
  4. Goodin DS, et al. PLoS One 2014;9(8):e105207;
  5. Hauser SL, et al. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:221–234;
  6. Montalban X, et al. N Engl J Med 2017; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1606468 [suppl]